Advice About the Consequences of Sex and Pregnancy
Content
- Unplanned Pregnancy
- Statistics on Unplanned Pregnancy
- Contraceptive Solution
- Extra Relevant Information (2x youtube clips)
What are the consequences associated with unplanned pregnancy?
· There is reduced opportunity to pursue pre-conception care as well as care in-between pregnancies.
· Unplanned pregnancy also provides less opportunity for optimal child spacing.
· Moreover, unplanned pregnancy is at the root of the vast majority of abortions.
· Specifically, unplanned pregnancies among unmarried women in their 20s resulted in nearly 600,000 abortions in 2001, or half of all abortions nationwide.
· More than half (57 percent) of births following an unplanned pregnancy are to unmarried women. The issues to children being born to single versus married families have been well documented and include a greater likelihood of poverty, father absence, school, health problems and child neglect.
· Over half of unmarried women having an unplanned pregnancy and birth were not in any committed relationship when their child was conceived. Among couples in relationships where they lived together, who had an unplanned pregnancy resulting in a birth, one-third split up within two years of the child’s birth.
· Children born following an unplanned pregnancy are significantly more likely to have mothers and fathers who suffer from depression, relationship conflict, and poor relationship quality compared to children born following a planned pregnancy, controlling for background factors.
· Unplanned pregnancy places both mothers and fathers at greater risk of educational hardship and failure to achieve education and career goals.
· Women who experience an unplanned pregnancy may also be at increased risk of domestic violence compared to women who have an intended pregnancy.
· While it is difficult to assess which event led to which, having an unplanned pregnancy is an important marker for experiencing physical abuse. The risk of domestic violence associated with having an unplanned pregnancy is particularly high for women 20 and older who have had 12 or more years of education.
· There is reduced opportunity to pursue pre-conception care as well as care in-between pregnancies.
· Unplanned pregnancy also provides less opportunity for optimal child spacing.
· Moreover, unplanned pregnancy is at the root of the vast majority of abortions.
· Specifically, unplanned pregnancies among unmarried women in their 20s resulted in nearly 600,000 abortions in 2001, or half of all abortions nationwide.
· More than half (57 percent) of births following an unplanned pregnancy are to unmarried women. The issues to children being born to single versus married families have been well documented and include a greater likelihood of poverty, father absence, school, health problems and child neglect.
· Over half of unmarried women having an unplanned pregnancy and birth were not in any committed relationship when their child was conceived. Among couples in relationships where they lived together, who had an unplanned pregnancy resulting in a birth, one-third split up within two years of the child’s birth.
· Children born following an unplanned pregnancy are significantly more likely to have mothers and fathers who suffer from depression, relationship conflict, and poor relationship quality compared to children born following a planned pregnancy, controlling for background factors.
· Unplanned pregnancy places both mothers and fathers at greater risk of educational hardship and failure to achieve education and career goals.
· Women who experience an unplanned pregnancy may also be at increased risk of domestic violence compared to women who have an intended pregnancy.
· While it is difficult to assess which event led to which, having an unplanned pregnancy is an important marker for experiencing physical abuse. The risk of domestic violence associated with having an unplanned pregnancy is particularly high for women 20 and older who have had 12 or more years of education.
Some Statistics on Unplanned Pregnancies (Extra Relevant Information)
Having intercourse before marriage can have an effect on future relationships with other women.
Unplanned Pregnancies : Overview (http://www.thenationalcampaign.org/resources/pdf/briefly-unplanned-pregnancy-among-20somethings-the-full-story.pdf)
· Half of all pregnancies in the United States are unplanned.
· Of the 6.4 million pregnancies in the United States in 2001 (the most recent year for which we have adequate data), over million were unplanned.
· Three-quarters of unplanned pregnancies are to women 29 and younger. Of the 3 million unplanned pregnancies in 2001, over 2 million were to women 29 and younger.
· More than one-third of all unplanned pregnancies are to unmarried women in their 20s. In 2001, over 1 million of the 3 million unplanned pregnancies were to unmarried women in their 20s.
Unplanned Pregnancies : Overview (http://www.thenationalcampaign.org/resources/pdf/briefly-unplanned-pregnancy-among-20somethings-the-full-story.pdf)
· Half of all pregnancies in the United States are unplanned.
· Of the 6.4 million pregnancies in the United States in 2001 (the most recent year for which we have adequate data), over million were unplanned.
· Three-quarters of unplanned pregnancies are to women 29 and younger. Of the 3 million unplanned pregnancies in 2001, over 2 million were to women 29 and younger.
· More than one-third of all unplanned pregnancies are to unmarried women in their 20s. In 2001, over 1 million of the 3 million unplanned pregnancies were to unmarried women in their 20s.
Prevention's : Contraceptive solutions
Condoms
· A Rubber sheath that fit over the penis which stops semen entering the vagina
· Advantages
o Protects against sexually transmitted infections (if used properly)
o No side-effects,
o Rare allergic reactions do occur
· Disadvantages : (Reduced Sensation a spontaneity)
· Failure Rate: Low = High Quality and proper use
o High = Unskilled use / low quality
· Advantages
o Protects against sexually transmitted infections (if used properly)
o No side-effects,
o Rare allergic reactions do occur
· Disadvantages : (Reduced Sensation a spontaneity)
· Failure Rate: Low = High Quality and proper use
o High = Unskilled use / low quality
The Pill
· Consists of hormones (which stop ovulation)
o Has to be taken every day at the same time for 21 days, then with a 7 day break
o Implantable hormone release systems are available
· Advantages
o Easy to use
o Can protect against cervical cancer
o Makes periods lighter
o Improved acne
· Disadvantages
o Shouldn’t be used by people with circulatory problems (due to high risk of blood clots)
o The implantable kind can produce irregular bleeding.
o No protection against sexually transmitted infections
· Failure Rate : Low ; if taken as directed
o Vomiting, Diarrhoea and Some antibiotics= can reduce effectiveness of the pill.
o Has to be taken every day at the same time for 21 days, then with a 7 day break
o Implantable hormone release systems are available
· Advantages
o Easy to use
o Can protect against cervical cancer
o Makes periods lighter
o Improved acne
· Disadvantages
o Shouldn’t be used by people with circulatory problems (due to high risk of blood clots)
o The implantable kind can produce irregular bleeding.
o No protection against sexually transmitted infections
· Failure Rate : Low ; if taken as directed
o Vomiting, Diarrhoea and Some antibiotics= can reduce effectiveness of the pill.
Cap and Diaphragm
· Rubber devices which fits over the cervix which stops semen from entering the uterus
· Advantages = Few side affects
· Disadvantages
o Reduced spontaneity
o Risk of having bladder infections
o No protection against sexually transmitted infections
· Failure Rate : Low= if used with spermicide (kills sperm)
o Should be replaced yearly
o Should be regularly inspected for holes or cracks
· Advantages = Few side affects
· Disadvantages
o Reduced spontaneity
o Risk of having bladder infections
o No protection against sexually transmitted infections
· Failure Rate : Low= if used with spermicide (kills sperm)
o Should be replaced yearly
o Should be regularly inspected for holes or cracks
Intra Uterine Device (IUD)
· Fitted to sit inside the uterus for up to eight years
o Irritates the uterine lining which prevents the zygote form implanting which can create a pregnancy
· Advantages : Once the IUD is inserted no further maintenance is required
· Disadvantages
o Infection, heavier, painful periods
o No protection against sexually transmitted infections
· Failure Rate : Low = high quality IUD
Stats:
o Irritates the uterine lining which prevents the zygote form implanting which can create a pregnancy
· Advantages : Once the IUD is inserted no further maintenance is required
· Disadvantages
o Infection, heavier, painful periods
o No protection against sexually transmitted infections
· Failure Rate : Low = high quality IUD
Stats:
- IUDs and implants are used most by women aged 25–39, married and cohabiting women, women covered by Medicaid, and women with no religious affiliation.
- Most of the women who use long-acting reversible methods rely on IUDs (nearly 8% of women use the IUD and less than 1% use the implant)
Extra Relevant Information
- Thirty-one percent of women of reproductive age do not need a contraceptive method because they are infertile; are pregnant, postpartum or trying to become pregnant; have never had intercourse; or are not sexually active
- More than 99% of women aged 15–44 who have ever had sexual intercourse have used at least one contraceptive method.[
- The proportion of all women of reproductive age who are currently using a contraceptive method increased from 56% in 1982 to 64% in 1995. It declined to 62% in 2002 and remained at that level in 2006–2008.[
- Among women who are at risk of unintended pregnancy, 89% are currently using contraceptives
- About one in 10 women at risk of unintended pregnancy are currently not using any contraceptive method. The proportion is highest among 15–19-year-olds (19%) and lowest among women aged 40–44 (8%)
Noncontraceptive Benefits of Birth Control Pills
Many women use oral contraceptive pills for noncontraceptive reasons, including women who have never had sex.
Contraceptive Method Choice
Method use among U.S. women who practice contraception, 2006-2008
First-Year Contraceptive Failure Rates
Proportion of women who will become pregnant during their first year of use, by method